Double Integral Sliding Mode Controller for Tracking Maximum Power in a Wind Turbine

Abstract

Wind is a potential source of sustainable energy. But its inherent variability makes control issues critical for traditional control approaches. Herein, two nonlinear maximum power point trackers—sliding mode controller (SMC) and double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC)—are optimally designed to effectively track the maximum power in the below-rated wind speeds. A standard 4.8 MW wind turbine is analyzed using realistic wind variations in the MATLAB/Simulink software. Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) sets the speed reference from the error manifold of the turbine rotor angular velocity. Modifying the switching on the sliding surface to minimize chatter is also recommended here. The equilibrium optimizer adjusts the switching control to design an effective controller in the sliding plane. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the normalized sum of square error for DISMC MPPT is 14.01% lower than the adaptive controller and 29.53% lower than the SMC, irrespective of internal uncertainty and disturbances. The Lyapunov stability of the proposed DISMC controller is verified, and its real-time implementation is ascertained in OPAL-RT with a marginal deviation of 0.5% from simulation.

Cite this article as: S. Sahu, S. Behera and N. C. Giri, "Double integral sliding mode controller for tracking maximum power in a wind turbine," Electrica, 26, 0124, 2026. doi: 10.5152/electrica.2026.25124