Establishing Dynamic Barriers in Various Formations Against Airborne Threats

This study simulates and develops a dynamic barrier defense system utilizing a drone swarm against airborne threats. The dynamic barrier system begins with a formation of maximum coverage width to account for potential route changes based on the target distance; as the threat approaches, it transitions to an optimally minimized configuration. Unlike traditional static defense lines, in this study, the barrier formation point and size are calculated based on swarm size, the positions of both threat and defense elements, and their respective velocity vectors. To validate the study through simulation, the reaction process of a swarm consisting of 100 drones in a 10 × 10 grid topology, the dynamic interception point, the maximum formation gap based on kinematic constraints, and the asynchronous arrival condition (shielding duration) arising from the swarm's transit geometry were analyzed in detail. Formation selection and variable barrier size were optimized according to these parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic model enhances operational flexibility compared to static systems.