An Investigation of an Algorithm for Error Detection and Correction in Transceivers for Nanosatellites Using ASCII

One of the major challenges in the space science industry is ensuring the accuracy of data received from satellites. Satellites collect data, store it onboard, and transmit it to ground stations when visible. However, data can become corrupt and unusable if the satellite loses connection during transmission. This study aims to develop an algorithm to verify data accuracy and provide 8-bit error correction. The focus is on very high frequency and ultra high frequency transceivers used for lightweight data transfer between nanosatellites and ground stations. Data transfer is simulated using a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter based transceiver, such as the nRF24L01+, at a baud rate of 9600bps. Error detection involves computing the number of characters and their sum as decimal values from the ASCII table, which are included in the payload header. Upon arrival at the ground station, the payload's accuracy is verified, and data recovery is attempted if any loss is detected. Recovery is achieved by comparing the header sum with the received sum and using the difference to identify lost characters. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm consistently detects invalid payloads and achieves a 100% recovery rate for single-byte (8-bit) data losses. However, the appended header increases payload size and transmission time. A response command is sent to indicate data integrity, allowing the satellite to delete the payload to manage limited onboard storage.