Research on Vehicle-to-Grid Interactive Strategies in High-Proportion Distributed Photovoltaic Distribution Networks

The integration of high-penetration distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems has introduced challenges to distribution grids, including reverse power flow, distribution transformer overload, and voltage uplift. To address the challenges posed by high-penetration distributed PV grid connection and large-scale electric vehicle (EV) integration, this paper proposes a vehicle-grid cooperative interaction strategy based on a cooperative game model. A cooperative alliance between vehicles and the grid is established, with a collaborative interaction game model designed to maximize alliance profits. The profit distribution weights for both parties are determined based on their respective contributions to cooperative gains. Shapley values are applied to allocate interaction profits, yielding time-of-use electricity prices at different moments to guide EVs charging and discharging, thereby achieving coordinated operation between EVs and the grid. Simulation results demonstrate that after implementing the optimized cooperative interaction strategy: surplus PV power generation decreased by 939.10 kW, node voltage fluctuation rate reduced by 5.90%, mitigated the impact of PV fluctuations on the grid, enhanced PV power absorption capacity, and alliance cooperative profits increased by 606.91 yuan compared to non-cooperative grid scenarios.