Abstract: This study considers the shipboard microgrid (MG) system’s frequency oscillations problem against the unpredictability of renewable resources and load uncertainties. The shipboard MG system consists of a photovoltaic, wind turbine generator, ship diesel generator, electrolyzer-based fuel cells, and battery energy storage system. A time-varying derivative fractional order controller (TVD-FOPID) has been incorporated into the shipboard MG system to attain the desired frequency stability. In this respect, the introduction of the time function to the derivative part of the TVD-FOPID controller provides appropriate damping at the proper instant to reduce the voltage spike sufficiently which improves the system response. Consequently, a modified sine cosine algorithm (MSCA) has been employed for the tuning of the TVD-FOPID controller’s coefficient. There is a 13.43% improvement in fitness value with MSCA against the basic SCA-tuned TVD-FOPID controller with diversified unpredictable disturbances. About, 80% reduction is observed in the derivative kick and a 40% reduction is observed in the voltage spike with the use of a tuned TVDFOPID controller over MSCA-tuned TV-FOPID. Again, 86% reduction in a derivative kick and, a 99% reduction in voltage spike with the use of a TVD-FOPID controller than that of a regular FO-PID controller. The simulation results validate that the TVD-FOPID controller offers stable output in less time than TV-FOPID and FOPID controllers. Also, it is confirmed that the derivative kick, voltage spikes, and the peak overshoot of the response offered by the proposed approach are decreased, which will save the system components. Further, the viability of the controller has been evaluated through sensitivity analysis. To witness the real-time application of the simulated system results are examined in the OPAL-RT simulator.
Cite this article as: S. Mishra, P. C. Nayak, R. C. Prusty and S. Panda, “Design and analysis of time-varying derivative fractional order proportional–integral–derivative controller controller for frequency regulation of shipboard microgrid system,” Electrica, 24(2), 392-405, 2024.